Paint The Town Red Igg

Det är viktigt att veta dagens Bitcoin-kurs, så att man inte förlorar i värde bara för att man väljer att betala med kryptovaluta istället. På så sätt kan man förstå värdet på Bitcoin vid användning och enkelt förstå om den prissättning som är satt verkligen stämmer överens med verkligheten.Kostnaden för en Bitcoin i USA räknas i amerikansk dollar och är också den fiatvaluta som man internationellt kollar priset för BTC på. Om man t.ex som svensk pratar med en Engelsman om Bitcoins priskurs så talar man alltid om priset i USD. På så sätt behöver man inte räkna om GBP och SEK utan kan gemensamt förstå priset i USD.När det gäller investeringar i kryptovalutor finns det två tydliga föregångare – Bitcoin och Ethereum. Men vilken är den bättre investeringen? Låt oss ta en

Den här sidan är också skapad till dig som bara är nyfiken på hur mycket man får vid en växling. Vi uppdaterar priskursen i realtid så att du alltid kan återvända till den här sidan. Detta levereras även som en Bitcoin kurs graf så att det även blir visuellt för dig.

Om man istället fokuserar på efterfrågan så kommer kusen på Ripple XRP kryptovaluta att öka i värde i takt med att utbudet av mynt börjar minska. Om man ska vara helt politiskt korrekt så måste både utbud och efterfrågan existera eftersom de är så beroende av varandra.Dock så kan det hela effektiviseras och förbättras genom att investera i nya marskingpark, som i sin tur kräver att man löser in de Ripple XRP mynt som man har i ägo för att kunna finansiera det hela… Ripple XRP kurs har historiskt sett differentierat kraftigt och har visats kunna ganska snabbt både öka i värde men även sjunka dramatiskt till låga nivåer. Svaret på varför det sker finns i att Ripple XRP crypto är i dess sanna natur enormt volatil. Allmänt så bör du som spekulant fokusera på att göra dig medveten hur ofta Ripple XRP diskuteras runtom de olika medier. Ett exempel på när kryptovalutan garanterat kommer öka i värde är om en stor aktör väljer att implementera det som en form av betalningsmetod.När man diskuterar utgrävning så brukar man i de flesta fall tänka på utvinning av ädelmetaller med hjälp av diverse grävmaskiner. När det kommer till utgrävning av Ripple XRP krypto så sker det hela digitalt, dock med hjälp av fysiska noder/datorer.

På grund av det så kan du aldrig helt förutse vad som komma skall, oavsett om du anser dig ha gjort din hemläxa. Hur än du analyserar det hela så kommer du märka att du aldrig kan styra utkomsten helt och hållet.

Genom att koppla ihop ett visst antal datorer så ska man lösa uppgifter mot vilka man sedan kan lösa ut Ripple XRP mynt. För varje uppgift som man löser så ökar svårighetsgraden vilket gör att utgrävningen av mynten kommer sakteligen att minska i takt med att man avancerar.För varje gång som en höjning av Ripple XRP kryptovaluta sker så har man kunnat relaterade det hela på den rådande utbud av de mynt som i skrivandes stund finns tillgängliga för allmänheten.När du väljer att prenumerera på vår nyhetsbrev “Finanso” samtycker du även till att vi får skicka ut relevant marknadsföringsmaterial till din e-postadress.Observera att innehållet på denna webbplats inte ska betraktas som investeringsråd. Investeringar är spekulativa. Det finns alltid en risk att du förlorar ditt kapital när du investerar. Denna webbplats är inte avsedd att användas i jurisdiktioner där handeln eller investeringarna som beskrivs är förbjudna och bör endast användas av sådana personer och på sådana sätt som är lagligt tillåtna. Din investering kanske inte kvalificerar sig för investerarskydd i ditt land eller bosättningsstat, så vänligen utför din egna undersökningar. Den här webbplatsen är gratis för dig att använda men vi kan få provision från de företag vi nämner i vårt innehåll.

De olika förändringar som sker hos den Ripple XRP kurs som du beaktar förnärvarande tenderar fota att bero på de olika förändringar som sker hos utbudet kontra efterfrågan hos Ripple XRP kryptovaluta.Du kan snabbt se dagens Ripple XRP kurs genom att förflytta dig högst upp på vår webbplats. Här kan du använda dig av den dynamiska grafen som du kan filtrera på det sättet som du önskar.

In terms of policy, the BRICS region has prioritized achieving environmental sustainability. Environmental problems are mostly caused by the area's continuous reliance on fossil fuels to meet its energy requirements. It is also challenging to significantly reduce the region's reliance on fossil fuels because historically, the region has been a big importer of fossil fuels. As a result, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission rates of the BRICS countries have been rising over time. Furthermore, the area has enormous untapped reserves of renewable energy sources that can be exploited to produce electricity without negatively impacting the ecosystem. In light of this, this research analyses, while controlling for energy innovation, economic growth, and natural resource rent, the combined effects of green finance (GFN) and financial technology (fintech) in reaching the region's carbon neutrality goals from 1990 to 2020. The findings for the BRICS economies, which are consistent with the EKC theory, imply that environmental sustainability is promoted by GFN, fintech, and energy innovation (ENI). NRR (natural resource rent) and GDP (economic growth) compromise environmental quality, nevertheless. It has also been demonstrated that there is a two-way causal relationship between CO2 emissions and GFN, fintech, and NRR. However, it has been demonstrated that GDP and ENI have a one-way causal relationship with CO2 emissions. It is recommended that the BRICS nations speed up the development of green financial products and increase the capacity of banks and financial institutions to offer green credit facilities based on the empirical findings. Th
e basic study of how green finance solutions might be used while lowering the related risks should receive more funding.

In many industrial applications, obtaining labeled observations is not straightforward as it often requires the intervention of human experts or the use of expensive testing equipment. In these circumstances, active learning can be highly beneficial in suggesting the most informative data points to be used when fitting a model. Reducing the number of observations needed for model development alleviates both the computational burden required for training and the operational expenses related to labeling. Online active learning, in particular, is useful in high-volume production processes where the decision about the acquisition of the label for a data point needs to be taken within an extremely short time frame. However, despite the recent efforts to develop online active learning strategies, the behavior of these methods in the presence of outliers has not been thoroughly examined. In this work, we investigate the performance of online active linear regression in contaminated data streams. Our study shows that the currently available query strategies are prone to sample outliers, whose inclusion in the training set eventually degrades the predictive performance of the models. To address this issue, we propose a solution that bounds the search area of a conditional D-optimal algorithm and uses a robust estimator. Our approach strikes a balance between exploring unseen regions of the input space and protecting against outliers. Through numerical simulations, we show that the proposed method is effective in improving the performance of online active learning in the presence of outliers, thus expanding the potential applications of this powerful tool.

This study aims to explore police students’ self-rated mental health and physical activity levels and the relationship between them. Based on longitudinal and cross-sectional data (N = 722), two scales on mental health orientation were developed. The scales and levels of physical activity were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and X2. During police education, (1) the level of physical activity decreases for men, (2) there is a decline in positive health orientation for both sexes, and (3) women report a more negative health orientation. This raises questions regarding whether “enough” is done to provide police students with sufficient conditions for improving their health.Laser light absorption occurs in all laser-based processes and is, therefore, of importance for process simulation input, parameter optimization, and understanding of the occurring phenomena, such as melt pool flow or vaporization effects. Theoretical models were successful in predicting metal absorption for certain cases but often fail in high-temperature situations due to unknown impacts of occurring effects, such as surface irregularities or contaminations. Measuring absorption at high temperatures is challenging, and there are limited literature data available on values further above melting temperatures of metals. In this work, a radiometric measurement method is used to derive absorption values at high temperatures. The results show shifted values from Fresnel predictions and absorption peaks at comparably low incident angles. The decreasing absorption tendency at low incident angles was shown to be possibly induced by multi-interface absorption effects caused by surface layering and Knudsen layer effects. Surface layering was seen to be able to induce a very low Brewster angle comparable to the observations in the measurements and is, therefore, seen as a possible dominant factor in absorption at elevated temperatures.

This study aims to explore barriers and facilitators for knowledge transfer and learning processes by examining a cross-departmental collaborative project in the municipal organization. It is based on a R&D collaboration between University West and a Swedish municipality.Brain-directed immunotherapy is a promising strategy to target amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, we compared the therapeutic efficacy of the Aβ protofibril targeting antibody RmAb158 with its bispecific variant RmAb158-scFv8D3, which enters the brain by transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis.

Relocation to activity-based workplaces influences work environment satisfaction, but individual determinants of changes in satisfaction remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine whether age, gender, education, occupational position, or office type before relocation can predict work environment satisfaction among employees and managers relocated to activity-based offices. Respondents (n = 422) rated work environment satisfaction three months before and nine months after relocation. The findings indicate that, on average, satisfaction decreased after relocation, while for some workers it increased. Occupational position and office type at baseline predicted changes in satisfaction with the work environment; specifically, managers and those working in open-plan offices before relocation reported a smaller decline in satisfaction after relocation, compared to those relocating from private offices. Participants with no university education were more satisfied with the physical and psychosocial work environment in activity-based workplaces than those with a university degree.This presentation and workshop are a practical exploration of how Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS), used as an inclusive strategy, can be used as an effective tool to support Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in providing multiple means of engagement, representation, action and expression for every student in our learning environment. Originally developed for Art education, VTS uses art to teach visual literacy, thinking skills and communication skills to young people. VTS is an invitational space where unique perspectives are valued and explored. It uses safe and accessible questions to initiate an active process of discovery and provides opportunities to build on prior knowledge, develop critical thinking, and progress learning. More recently, researchers and educators have explored VTS in the inclusion space and the interconnection between VTS and UDL across curriculum areas. This presentation and workshop will give participants a brief overview of VTS before signposting how, as an inclusion strategy, it aligns with the vision of UDL and can be used as a practical tool in our learning environments. Participants will have the opportunity to engage with the VTS process and reflect on how this strategy can support inclusion in their subject area. This will be of interest to early childhood, primary and post-primary (secondary) teachers of all subjects. It will also be of interest to those with an interest in Arts Education.

Conclusion: We learned that older persons receiving homecare must have the same rights as other citizens in society, which is in line with public health goals.

Methods: All patients in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry diagnosed with colorectal or appendiceal cancer in 2009–2020 at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, were included. The SRCs were verified, and the components estimated by a gastrointestinal pathologist. Species mapping methods play a central role in biogeographical questions, as they may generate a domino effect on further works based on species distribution. In light of the massive recent increase in the availability of online occurrence data, we highlight the strengths and limitations of the mapping methods most widely used to display the geographic distribution of plants, namely geographic range maps and occurrence record maps. We use the modern distribution of the genus Arbutus in western Eurasia, North Africa, and Macaronesia, for which no occurrence record map has been published yet, to discuss critical issues in data collection and representation. The occurrence record map of A. unedo, A. andrachne, A. canariensis, and A. pavarii shows how well this mapping method captures the details of peripheral and isolated stands as well as the variability of population density. A number of biogeographical issues are addressed by this approach, including the determination of the chorological centre of gravity in relation to historical dynamics, genetic patterns in relation to range porosity, and the autochthony status of marginal stands. These issues constitute the necessary foundation for additional palaeobotanical research and ecological modelling to investigate the past-to-future dynamics of Arbutus and other species of the Mediterranean-Atlantic area. Patients with PAH displayed signs of peripheral vascular remodelling, challenging the common opinion that vascular changes in PAH are restricted to the lung vasculature. Correlations with cardiopulmonary variables from RHC support peripheral vascular coupling and the association with vascular ageing. Results from this pilot study warrant further confirmation.With the increasing adoption of body tracking technology, users are able to collect bio-data which designers struggle to make legible or actionable. This work focused on increasing this technology-mediated bodily understanding through exploring the material properties of the body rhythms that govern the sleep behaviours being tracked. Building from a workshop with non-normative sleepers, we reframe sleep tracking to be about understanding and manipulating body rhythms. We explore these rhythms through the RtD process of designing the Awari alertness-forecast and scheduling application in four iterations. This resulted in three non-exclusive categories of rhythmic influence: Slow & Cyclical, Pressure & Release, and Anchored. Through a better understanding of how they interact, their inertia, and their material properties for interaction we encourage the design of technology to shape, and be shaped, by the complex rhythms of life. We discuss ways in which this can democratise medical-models, and make actionable complex bodily processes.This study explores the facilitators and barriers to knowledge transfer and learning processes, specifically focusing on strategic communication, individual roles, common goals, time pressure, group learning, trust and relationships and absorptive capability. Lack of communication affected the group learning process, while the close relation between time pressure, group learning and trust in colleagues is also pointed out as crucial areas. Trust developed through dialogue efforts helped overcome project fatigue. Coaching with a human rights-based approach improved organizational absorptive capabilities.Wetland area in agricultural landscapes has been heavily reduced to gain land for crop production, but in recent years there is increased societal recognition of the negative consequences from wetland loss on nutrient retention, biodiver-sity and a range of other benefits to humans. The current trend is therefore to re-establish wetlands, often with an aim to achieve the simultaneous delivery of multiple ecosystem services, i.e., multifunctionality. Here we review the liter-ature on key objectives used to motivate wetland re-establishment in temperate agricultural landscapes (provision of flow regulation, nutrient retention, climate mitigation, biodiversity conservation and cultural ecosystem services), and their relationships to environmental properties, in order to identify potential for tradeoffs and synergies concerning the development of multifunctional wetlands. Through this process, we find that there is a need for a change in scale from a focus on single wetlands to wetlandscapes (multiple neighboring wetlands including their catchments and surround-ing landscape features) if multiple societal and environmental goals are to be achieved. Finally, we discuss the key fac-tors to be considered when planning for re-establishment of wetlands that can support achievement of a wide range of objectives at the landscape scale.

Rapporten har arbetats fram med hjälp av ett team av forskare, experter och praktiker.Professor emeritus Örjan Svane, KTH, har bidragit med forskarperspektiv på nya formerav governance för klimatomställning. Han har dessutom skrivit bilaga 1. Jörgen Lööf harbidragit till bilaga 2. Bilaga 3, 4 och 5 har skrivits av Viable Cities team (Olga Kordas, LenaHolmberg, Åsa Minoz m.fl.) med bidrag av Julio Lumbreras, Madrids Tekniska Universitet(UPM). Bilaga 6 har skrivits av Fedra Vanhuyse, Viable Cities och Stockholm EnvironmentInstitute. Vinnova och Viable Cities har under processen ordnat seminarier om finansieringkopplat till klimatinvesteringsplaner samt om digitalisering. Rapporten har sänts påremiss till de 23 kommuner som har undertecknat Klimatkontrakt 2030 samt till sexstatliga myndigheter: Formas, Vinnova, Energimyndigheten, Tillväxtverket, Trafikverketoch Naturvårdsverket.This paper builds on the presumption that the idea of effectiveness refers primarily to anorganizational and managerial context. It asks the question how this idea is transformedwhen used as a rationale for action in contexts where economy and efficiency are ofminor significance and where no organizational survival is at stake. The EU and Swedishmigration policies show, however, that persistent egoistic implications help construct aspecific territory as an organization to be managed much like a business firm. It isconcluded that the meaning of effectiveness does not necessarily change when thisconcept is used in an alien context. Instead, references to effectiveness help transform thecontext to which the concept is applied

This work aims to explore the impact of Digital Twins Technology on industrial manufacturing in the context of Industry 5.0. A computer is used to search the Web of Science database to summarize the Digital Twins in Industry 5.0. First, the background and system architecture of Industry 5.0 are introduced. Then, the potential applications and key modeling technologies in Industry 5.0 are discussd. It is found that equipment is the infrastructure of industrial scenarios, and the embedded intelligent upgrade for equipment is a Digital Twins primary condition. At the same time, Digital Twins can provide automated real-time process analysis between connected machines and data sources, speeding up error detection and correction. In addition, Digital Twins can bring obvious efficiency improvements and cost reductions to industrial manufacturing. Digital Twins reflects its potential application value and subsequent potential value in Industry 5.0 through the prospect. It is hoped that this relatively systematic overview can provide technical reference for the intelligent development of industrial manufacturing and the improvement of the efficiency of the entire business process in the Industrial X.0 era.

Metodik framtagen i ISO 19447:2021 där referens – testobjekt – referens uppmäts och isgreppindex beräknas som medelvärde för tre mätseriers kvot mellan testobjekt och referens har i denna studie kombinerats med tribometermätning mot asfalt med isskikt. Resultaten för isgreppindex visar som förväntat lägst värde (2,2) för hårt och slätt testmaterial och högre för mjukt och mönstrat testmaterial (3,4). Undersökta provsulor placerar sig mellan 2,4 och 5,6 för dessa mätningar. Det kan noteras att undersökta sulor förbereddes genom att prov motsvarande referenssulans mått kapades från tåpartiet, förutom i ett fall då även hälpartiet provades. Metodutveckling sker i SIS Teknisk Kommitté (TK) 397 Skor AG 02 Greppvänliga konsumentskor, där provtagning är en viktig del.The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) constitute the scientific basis for national dietary guidelines and nutrient recommendations in the Nordic and Baltic countries. The NNR2023 is the result of five years of work of several hundred researchers and experts, in the Nordic cooperation’s biggest and most globally spread project. This sixth edition of the NNR gives, for the first time ever, recommendations not only about what food is good for our health, but also what is good for the environment. In addition, dietary reference values for nutrients have been updated, many nutrients have received reference values for the first time, and many more food groups have been analysed than in previous editions – turning NNR2023 into the most comprehensive NNR to date. In short, the NNR2023 recommends: Firstly, to provide a policy-relevant overview of two new elements for sustainable urbandevelopment: new forms of governance for leading, managing and executing urbanplanning projects, and new forms for supporting innovations in the form of systemsaltering missions rather than a variety of small projects. This project started from the idea that the premise of the performing arts is to capture people’s attention. But at the same time our attention is under pressure through experience economy, digitalisation and work-life conditions. We consider it urgent to work with how to find ways of creating sustainable relations to attention within this field.Results: We learned from the stakeholders that it was a struggle to sustain the individual’s goal to continue life as usual, that is, being an ordinary human being with an ordinary everyday life and maintaining individual roles. The individual wants to improve health, be active, and enjoying life. The individuals were struggling against the homecare organization, which tended to overshadow the individual’s goals. The individual’s goals fall under several legal jurisdictions and come to be overshadowed by the professionals’ dominant goal. The organization is rigid, with finances and resources creating the framework. Rapporten är framtagen med ekonomiskt bidrag från Trafikverket, Skyltfonden. Ståndpunkter och slutsatser i rapporten reflekterar författaren och överensstämmer inte med nödvändighet med Trafikverkets ståndpunkter och slutsatser inom rapportens ämnesområde. Secondly, it also aims to help evolve these experiences and lessons learned, with anemphasis on new forms of governance for climate transition in cities and municipalities.The report has been prepared alongside a team of scientists, experts and practitioners.Professor Emeritus Örjan Svane, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, has contributedresearch perspectives on new forms of governance for climate transition. During theprocess, Vinnova and Viable Cities have arranged seminars on the financing of ClimateInvestment Plans, and on digitalization. The report has been sent for referral to the23 municipalities who signed Climate City Contract 2030, and to six government agencies:Formas, Vinnova (the Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems), the Swedish EnergyAgency, the Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth, the Swedish TransportAdministration and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Maria Tengvard, ViableCities, is the editor.Digital technology offers several ways to change and fundamentally transform higher education practices. In this chapter, we illuminate digital transformations associated with the use of digital technology to assess student learning. Using qualitative interview data from teachers at two Universities in Sweden, we discuss teachers’ design decisions as they redesigned assignments and courses and introduced automated assessment. The use of digital technology affected teachers’ role and assessment work process in several ways, such as bringing forward and distributing assessment design decisions. We interpreted the possible epistemic consequences of what kind of knowledge teachers assessed with the use of digital technology and found examples of how digital technology facilitated teachers to rethink and create open-ended assignments allowing different ways for students to demonstrate their abilities (divergent assessment). However, against their intentions teachers mainly created pre-defined closed right-or-wrong answers (convergent assessment) resulting in less transparency of student (mis)understanding. Thus, the implementation of digital technology may innovate assessment practices, which in this sense is moving forward. From a pedagogical perspective, teachers’ adaptations of assessment using digital technology imply retrogression rather than innovation regarding how to capture student capabilities.

This paper presents a first step in the field of probabilistic forecasting of co-located wind and photovoltaic (PV) parks. The effect of aggregation is analyzed with respect to forecast accuracy and value at a co-located park in Sweden using roughly three years of data. We use a fixed modelling framework where we post-process numerical weather predictions to calibrated probabilistic production forecasts, which is a prerequisite when placing optimal bids in the day-ahead market. The results show that aggregation improves forecast accuracy in terms of continuous ranked probability score, interval score and quantile score when compared to wind or PV power forecasts alone. The optimal aggregation ratio is found to be 50%–60% wind power and the remainder PV power. This is explained by the aggregated time series being smoother, which improves the calibration and produces sharper predictive distributions, especially during periods of high variability in both resources, i.e., most prominently in the summer, spring and fall. Furthermore, the daily variability of wind and PV power generation was found to be anti-correlated wh
ich proved to be beneficial when forecasting the aggregated time series. Finally, we show that probabilistic forecasts of co-located production improve trading in the day-ahead market, where the more accurate and sharper forecasts reduce balancing costs. In conclusion, the study indicates that co-locating wind and PV power parks can improve probabilistic forecasts which, furthermore, carry over to electricity market trading. The results from the study should be generally applicable to other co-located parks in similar climates. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the use of OCs, particularly during the first 2 years, increases the risk of depression. Additionally, OC use during adolescence might increase the risk of depression later in life. Our results are consistent with a causal relationship between OC use and depression, as supported by the sibling analysis. This study highlights the importance of considering the healthy user bias as well as family-level confounding in studies of OC use and mental health outcomes. Physicians and patients should be aware of this potential risk when considering OCs, and individualized risk-benefit assessments should be conducted. Moderately preterm infants (32-36 weeks of gestational age) have an increased risk of worse health and developmental outcomes compared to infants born at term. Optimal nutrition may alter this risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the neurological, growth, and health outcomes up to six years of age in children born moderately preterm who receive either exclusive or fortified breast milk and/or formula in the neonatal unit. In this longitudinal cohort study, data were collected for 142 children. Data were collected up to six years of age via several questionnaires containing questions about demographics, growth, child health status, health care visits, and the Five to Fifteen Questionnaire. Data on the intake of breast milk, human milk fortification, formula, and growth during hospitalization were collected from the children’s medical records. No statistically significant differences in neurological outcomes, growth, or health at six years of age were found between the two groups (exclusive breast milk, n = 43 vs. fortified breast milk and/or formula, n = 99). There is a need for research in larger populations to further assess potential effects on health and developmental outcomes when comparing the use of exclusive versus fortified breast milk for moderately preterm infants during neonatal hospitalization.

METHODS: This is a population-based cohort study based on data from 264,557 women from the UK Biobank. Incidence of depression was addressed via interviews, inpatient hospital or primary care data. The hazard ratio (HR) between OC use and incident depression was estimated by multivariable Cox regression with OC use as a time-varying exposure. To validate causality, we examined familial confounding in 7,354 sibling pairs.Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; World Heath Organization [WHO] Group 1) is associated with increased pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance, with pulmonary vascular remodelling. The vascular anatomy of the systemic arteries has been less well studied. Neither RmAb158-scFv8D3 nor RmAb158 reduced soluble Aβ protofibrils or insoluble Aβ1-42 after a single injection treatment. After three successive injections, Aβ1-42 was reduced in mice treated with RmAb158, with a similar trend in RmAb158-scFv8D3-treated mice. Bispecific antibody immunogenicity was somewhat reduced by directed mutations, but CD4 T cell depletion was used for long-term therapy. CD4 T cell-depleted mice, chronically treated with RmAb158-scFv8D3, showed a dose-dependent increase in blood concentration of the diagnostic [I]RmAb158-scFv8D3, while concentration was low in plasma and brain. Chronic treatment did not affect soluble Aβ aggregates, but a reduction in total Aβ42 was seen in the cortex of mice treated with both antibodies. Background: There is a need for structural change in municipal homecare to shift power to older persons and to center the individuals in need. To make this change, the individual older persons should have enough self-determination to formulate their own individual homecare goals. Our aim was to explore how stakeholders reason about individual goal-setting in homecare.Digitalisation-related challenges and opportunities in higher education are not new, but awareness of their transformative potential has increased, with global trends including massive open online courses (MOOCs) and other forms of technology-enhanced open education. The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the importance of flexible forms of teaching and learning, and, as a result, has intensified the adoption of technological platforms and solutions across the board. In this introductory chapter to the volume, the editors provide a state of the art on the topic of digital transformations, including clarifications on concepts and definitions, alongside the articulation of a systemic framework that considers the complexity, dynamic, and multifaceted nature of the phenomenon under investigation. The study gives important insights into organizational learning within a municipality in Sweden for the successful implementation of collaborative projects. Knowledge must be transferred for the organization to learn to develop and tackle future challenges and its complex responsibilities. The theoretical analytical framework provided in this article has proven to be effective and is therefore transferable to other organizations in both the public and private sectors. Delar av regeringen har uttalat att de önskar sänka bränsleskatter kraftigt och minska reduktionsplikten. Om dessa styrmedel inte används nås ej målet förminskade utsläpp från inrikes transporter, såvida inte andra styrmedel används. Vad dessa alternativa styrmedel skulle kosta är ej analyserat. Elektrifiering av personbilstrafiken är ett politikområde för vilket det, åtminstone delvis, finns möjligheter att göra projektioner av vilka effekter olika styrmedel kan tänkas ha och vad det kan kosta att använda dem.

Anaerobic digestion of animal manure results in the production of renewable energy (biogas) and nutrient-rich biofertilizer. A further benefit of the technology is decreased greenhouse gas emissions that otherwise occur during manure storage. Since animal manure makes anaerobic digestion cost-efficient and further advance the technology for higher methane yields, it is of utmost importance to find strategies to improve bottlenecks such as the degradation of lignocellulose, e.g., in cattle manure, or to circumvent microbial inhibition by ammonia caused by the degradation of nitrogen compounds in, e.g., chicken, duck, or swine manure. This review summarizes the characteristics of different animal manures and provides insight into the underlying microbial mechanisms causing challenging problems with the anaerobic digestion process. A particular focus is put upon the retention time and organic loading rate in high-ammonia processes, which should be designed and optimized to support the microorganisms that tolerate high ammonia conditions, such as the syntrophic acetate oxidizing bacteria and the hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Furthermore, operating managements used to stabilize and increase the methane yield of animal manure, including supporting materials, the addition of trace elements, or the incorporation of ammonia removal technologies, are summarized. The review is finalized with a discussion of the research needed to outline conceivable operational methods for the anaerobic digestion process of animal manure to circumvent process instability and improve the process performance.Nineteen (19) patients with PAH, confirmed by right heart catheterisation (RHC), 14 patients with left ventricular heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (LVrEF), and 30 healthy subjects were enrolled. Common carotid artery (CCA) intima thickness, intima/media (I/M) thickness ratio, and intima-media thickness (IMT) were assessed using non-invasive ultrasound (22 MHz centre frequency).

Oral transmucosal administration, where drugs are absorbed directly through the non-keratinized, lining mucosa of the mouth, represents a solution to drug delivery with several advantages. Oral mucosal equivalents (OME) developed as 3D in vitro models are of great interest since they express the correct cell differentiation and tissue architecture, simulating the in vivo conditions better than monolayer cultures or animal tissues. The aim of this work was to develop OME to be used as a membrane for drug permeation studies. We developed both full-thickness (i.e., connective plus epithelial tissue) and split-thickness (i.e., only epithelial tissue) OME using non-tumor-derived human keratinocytes OKF6 TERT-2 obtained from the floor of the mouth. All the OME developed here presented similar transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values, comparable to the commercial EpiOral™. Using eletriptan hydrobromide as a model drug, we found that the full-thickness OME had similar drug flux to EpiOral™ (28.8 vs. 29.6 µg/cm2/h), suggesting that the model had the same permeation barrier properties. Furthermore, full-thickness OME showed an increase in ceramide content together with a decrease in phospholipids in comparison to the monolayer culture, indicating that lipid differentiation occurred due to the tissue-engineering protocols. The split-thickness mucosal model resulted in 4–5 cell layers with basal cells still undergoing mitosis. The optimum period at the air–liquid interface for this model was twenty-one days; after longer times, signs of apoptosis appeared. Following the 3R principles, we found that the addition of Ca2+, retinoic acid, linoleic acid, epidermal growth factor and bovine pituitary extract was important but not sufficient to fully replace the fetal bovine serum. Finally, the OME models presented here offer a longer shelf-life than the pre-existing models, which paves the way for the further investigation of broader pharmaceutical applications (i.e., long-term drug exposure, effect on the keratinocytes’ differentiation and inflammatory conditions, etc.).Seed maturation is the developmental process that prepares the embryo for the desiccated waiting period before germination. It is associated with a series of physiological changes leading to the establishment of seed dormancy, seed longevity, and desiccation tolerance. We studied translational changes during seed maturation and observed a gradual reduction in global translation during seed maturation. Transcriptome and translatome profiling revealed specific reduction in the translation of thousands of genes. By including previously published data on germination and seedling establishment, a regulatory network based on polysome occupancy data was constructed: SeedTransNet. Network analysis predicted translational regulatory pathways involving hundreds of genes with distinct functions. The network identified specific transcript sequence features suggesting separate translational regulatory circuits. The network revealed several seed maturation-associated genes as central nodes, and this was confirmed by specific seed phenotypes of the respective mutants. One of the regulators identified, an AWPM19 family protein, PM19-Like1 (PM19L1), was shown to regulate seed dormancy and longevity. This putative RNA-binding protein also affects the translational regulation of its target mRNA, as identified by SeedTransNet. Our data show the usefulness of SeedTransNet in identifying regulatory pathways during seed phase transitions. Recently, virtual reality (VR) technology has become more widespread. Humans increasingly interact with information in VR, and a detailed look into those activities is warranted. Thus, a scoping literature review (PRISMA-ScR) is conducted. It overviews all relevant literature about information-seeking behaviour in VR, focusing on existing models and theories. Out of 536 publications, 37 qualify for this review. Eight publications show an understanding related to information behaviour theories from information science. Pressingly, no publications relate models, frameworks or general theories of information seeking to VR. This review overviews VR-related cognitive and behavioural human factors based on this research gap. Those factors include immersion and presence, affordances, embodiment, cognitive load, human error, flow and engagement. The review is concluded with an explorative framework for future research that is constructed with Marchionini’s process model of information seeking as a baseline and in conjunction with the discussed human factors. Both RmAb158 and its bispecific variant RmAb158-scFv8D3 achieved positive effects of long-term treatment. Despite its ability to efficiently enter the brain, the benefit of using the bispecific antibody in chronic treatment was limited by its reduced plasma exposure, which may be a result of interactions with TfR or the immune system. Future research will focus in new antibody formats to further improve Aβ immunotherapy.This article offers a state-of-art review of previous research in the field of sharing economy. It explores the definitional dilemma and presents the research field of sharing economy as a contested one. In an attempt to contribute to the numerous efforts of ordering, summarizi
ng and characterizing sharing economy, the article further unpacks the debates driving the emergent sharing economy field. First, it is a debate on the role and place of ICT and platform technologies in sharing economy. Second, the article explores the role and place of economic interest in sharing economy, placing the empirical reality of sharing economy along a broad spectrum from for-profit enterprises to non-profit community sharing projects. Third, the paper analyses the question of ownership and its transfer in sharing economy, exploring its positioning vis-à-vis gift economy, and short-term renting and lending. It further analyses relationships between stakeholders (private individuals and business actors) participating in sharing economy, presents the overview of literature on the three transactional models in sharing economy, Business to Consumer (B2C), Business to Business (B2B), and Peer to Peer (P2P). Finally, the paper suggests future research avenues. This study highlights the lack of research looking at sharing outside of the purview of market exchange. It is suggested that the definition of sharing economy and research in the field should focus on P2P activities. Furthermore, it is suggested that the configuration of the sharing economy should be understood from a field perspective. Field-level studies of issues that bring together various actors in debates on sharing economy should allow for understanding further development of sharing economy.

AIM: Research on the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use on the risk of depression shows inconsistent findings, especially in adult OC users. One possible reason for this inconsistency is the omission of women who discontinue OCs due to adverse mood effects, leading to healthy user bias. To address this issue, we aim to estimate the risk of depression that is associated with the initiation of OCs as well as the effect of OC use on lifetime risk of depression.

Inspired by the recent UNESCO report ”I’d Blush if I Could”, we tackle some of the issues regarding gendered AI through exploring the impact of feminist social robot behaviour on human-robot interaction. Specifically we consider (i) use of a social robot to encourage girls to consider studying robotics (and expression of feminist sentiment in this context), (ii) if/how robots should respond to abusive, and anti-feminist sentiment and (iii) how (’female’) robots can be designed to challenge current gender-based norms of expected behaviour. We demonstrate that whilst there are complex interactions between robot, user and observer gender, we were able to increase girls’ perceptions of robot credibility and reduce gender bias in boys. We suggest our work provides positive evidence for going against current digital assistant/traditional human gender-based norms, and the future role robots might have in reducing our gender biases.

The number of civilian crime investigators (CIs) has been increasing among the police, a trend that is called civilianisation. However, conflicts have arisen from perceptions that civilian CIs undermine professional police efforts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intersection of doing gender and professional identity in narratives on inclusion and/or exclusion in CIs’ professional practices. Because professional background and gender composition change with the civilianisation of the police, this study included interviews with 48 female CIs from Sweden. The study showed that aspects of belongingness and uniqueness interact in complex ways and conclude that the intersection of being a civilian CI and a woman is at the core, especially in narratives on exclusion. Taken together, this means that civilian CIs’ narratives are important to learn from and can help the police become aware of obstacles to and opportunities for civilian employees’ full participation in the criminal investigation practice. Aspects of belongingness and uniqueness are discussed to contribute knowledge of how gender and professional identity can be redone in a way that helps reduce future barriers to full inclusion of female and civilian CIs in police work.In the present study, polycaprolactone/polyethylene glycol (PCL/PEG) electrospun nanofibres with different anthocyanin (1%, 2%, 3%, and 5%) were fabricated for the instant measurement of pH, especially for applications—such as food freshness detection—where quick response is required. The solution, surface, chemical, thermal, wettability, mechanical, and release properties of the samples were evaluated by viscosity measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), contact angle measurements, and tensile tests, respectively. The colorimetric analyses were also investigated against the solutions at different pH values and bacterial solutions. Finally, the on-site performance of the sensor was evaluated. Anthocyanin addition initially lowered the solution viscosity, resulting in thinner fibres with a diameter of 288 nm. The diameters were increased up to 395 nm with the increasing anthocyanin. Anthocyanin addition enhanced the wettability and the mechanical properties, and the contact angles decreased to 43°. The highest modulus was observed for 1% anthocyanin, with a value of 6.162. The release experiments revealed that the anthocyanin-loaded samples released a large amount of anthocyanin (between ~12% and 38%) in the first 15 s. The colorimetric analyses showed that PCL/PEG nanofibre mats with 2% and 3% anthocyanin concentrations were the most capable pH-sensitive sensors for detecting pH changes from 2 to 8. As a result, it can be concluded that 3% anthocyanin is the threshold value for the production of the anthocyanin-loaded nanofibre mats, and these structures are promising for the instant detection of pH proved by the on-site application. Målet för artikeln är a
tt sammanfatta kunskapsläget beträffande möjligheter att åstadkomma måluppfyllelse med elektrifiering av personbilsflottan. Låt mig redan nu konstatera att det råder betydande osäkerheter om dessa möjligheter och att kostnaderna kan bli höga. En försvårande omständighet är att det är oklart i vilken utsträckning som EU:s Fit for 55-paket kommer att bidra till uppfyllelse av det svenska målet. Projektioner av hur långt Sverige kommer med Fit for 55 har gjorts av EU-kommissionen men dessa hemlighålls. Det är förvånande i vilken begränsad utsträckning som nuvarande och tidigare regering visat intresse för att försöka utreda paketets konsekvenser för Sverige. To explore the barriers and facilitators, the data collection was made through observation of the project implementation process, as well as 20 interviews with public servants and external actors. To conduct a systematic qualitative-oriented content analysis, the article constructs and applies a theoretical analytical framework consisting of different factors influencing knowledge transfer and learning processes within a municipal organizational setting.The Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum offers visitors a chance to see the first private museum in Malaysia. Rebuilt in 1896, the house is now intricately decorated with stunning items from around the world. From traditionally embroidered pillows from China to floor tiles from England and Italian furniture, the museum is a must-see. Make sure to join in one of the free guided tours to learn about the history of the residents of Malacca.Rest your feet and hop on a boat to explore Malacca from the river. It runs right through the center of the city and offers the perfect way to enjoy the picturesque views of traditional Malay villages and historical sites like churches and museums from the comfort of your riverboat.Travel back in time and find your way to the Dutch Square, which is home to the oldest Dutch building in the East. Admire the classic red buildings which have inspired the second name of the area, Red Square. Grab your camera and snap some photos of the vibrant buildings and colorful trishaws that fill the popular tourist site.

Foodies will fall in love with Malacca, the food mecca of Malaysia, serving up some delicious Malaysian cuisine. Cruise to Malacca and cool off in the heat with cendol, a dessert served with condensed milk, gula meleka syrup and pandan rice-shaped jellies. Or head to a hawker stand to try a chicken rice ball, a signature dish that can be found all over the city.kursen är just nu med ett marknadsvärde på . ’s marknadsvärde med under dom senaste 24 timmarna. Den rankar på plats bland alla kryptovalutorna med en daglig transaktionsvolym på . Analysis of Scandinavian green roof vegetation in nine different locations with varying climates revealed that survival rates and covers of the intended vegetation were negatively influenced by low annual temperature. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, high annual precipitation was also negatively related to the survival and cover of intended vegetation. Conversely, spontaneous plants were favored by high mean annual precipitation, compensating for the loss of intended vegetation. Freeze-thaw cycles and longest dry period did not have any detectable effect on vegetation during the two year time period. I artikel II behandlas koordinationsproblemet att planera för flera fordon sam-tidigt i samma område. En sammansatt metod används. Först delas arbetet upp i mindre delar, en för varje fordon, och bra rundturer finnes för varje del. Därefter samordnas de olika turerna i tid och rum, vilket inte är så enkelt. Trots indelning finns alltid ett stort antal beröringspunkter där fordonen påverkar varandra. Drawing on ethnographic data collected in Italian courts and prosecution offices, this dissertation offers new perspectives on legal decision-making by highlighting the importance of emotions for constructing and evaluating legal narratives. Focusing on criminal cases, it describes and dissects how judges and prosecutors use emotions in reflection and action tied to lay narratives and legal constraints. The analysis shows that legal professionals engage in different types of emotional dynamics when dealing with stories; first, they develop gut feelings, which are either endorsed or kept at distance by means of emotional reflexivity, to comply with legal ideals of objectivity and impartiality. Second, empathy emerges as a crucial tool to direct the interaction with lay people and to interpret legal prerequisites, such as credibility, and intent. Finally, the dissertation shows that lay stories lead legal professionals to become passionate and committed towards the correct application of the law, the restoration of the moral order, and the achievement of justice. In light of the empirical findings, this thesis strives to develop a theoretical understanding of legal decision-making as narrative work that includes emotional dynamics consistent with rational, objective action. Leadership and professional learning are extra important in geographic peripheral schools because there is a spatial inequality according to education development. In addition, the Swedish law tells that teaching should be based on a scientific foundation and proven experience. In the absence of scientific studies on teaching in small geographic peripheral schools, structures are needed to strengthen proven experience through professional learning. The focus is the relationship between leadership practices and teachers’ professional learning practices in small geographically peripheral primary schools. The study uses the theory of practice architecture to analyse the data from an ethnographic study in three village schools. The findings show that professional learning practices in village Schools occur through spontaneous conversations, while in the district, meetings need to be planned due to geographical spread. The relationship between practices is mutually dependent. Leadership practices have been distinguished from predetermined leadership positions. Leadership could be understood as project protector or as organisers. Practices of community development have been identified in ecologies of practices.Resultat: Närstående till personer med RA kunde utgöra både möjliggörare och hinder för delaktighet i vardagen för personer med RA. Genom att erbjuda stöd och positiva attityder gentemot nödvändiga anpassningar, hade de en positiv påverkan på delaktighet i vardagen för personer med RA. Detta var en kontinuerlig process eftersom personerna med RA fortfarande var påverkade av sjukdomen ett decennium efter diagnos och anpassningar kunde ännu vara nödvändiga, även för närstående.

Beslut
en baserade på tillförlitlighetsanalys kan skilja sig från de som baseras på en uppskattad risk, eftersom metoderna har olika målfunktioner. Beslut som fattas av sannolikhet för brott eller tillförlitlighet kommer inte nödvändigtvis att vara ekonomiskt. En nyttobaserad riskanalys motiveras för delområde (ii). Flera åtgärder och potentiella konsekvenser utvärderas i olika scenarier. De förväntade kostnaderna för att förlänga broars livslängd minimeras genom att välja den mest optimala åtgärden. Den betingade sannolikheten och systemmodelleringen undersöks i parametriska studier, och visar om och när det optimala beslutet kommer att ändras. En optimerad inspektionsplanering är motiverad för att göra varje inspektion mer effektiv jämfört med inspektioner med konstanta intervall. Antalet inspektioner reduceras och inspektionsintervallen förlängs genom att använda en optimerad strategi, tillsammans med en inspektionsmetod med hög noggrannhet.Metod: Avhandlingsarbetet har genomförts med en deduktiv ansats baserad på en teoretisk modell för omvårdnad, the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior (IMCHB). I modellen består interaktion av fyra komponenter; hälsoinformation, affektiv support, inflytande över beslut och professionell-teknisk kompetens. I den första delstudien (I) utvecklades en enkät, the Telenursing Interaction and Satisfaction Questionnaire (TISQ). Relevanta variabler identifierades i litteratur, sorterades utifrån strukturen i IMCHB, och formulerades därefter till frågor i en enkät. Enkätens innehållsvaliditet utvärderades med hjälp av kognitiva intervjuer med uppringare, och med professionella personers bedömning av frågornas relevans med hjälp av Content Validity Index (CVI). Ett konsekutivt urval av 1 400 uppringare till 1177 direkt fick TISQ via postutskick, och enskilda frågors test-retest reliabilitet utvärderades (I). I delstudie två (II) valdes 25 frågor i TISQ ut, för att bilda en mätskala, the Telenursing Interaction and Satisfaction Scale (TISS). TISS består av fyra delskalor baserat på de fyra interaktionskomponenterna i IMCHB, och syftar till att mäta uppringares nöjdhet med interaktion. TISS utvärderades psykometriskt med fokus på datakvalitet, faktorstruktur, kriterievaliditet och reliabilitet. I Studie tre (III) utforskades uppringares nöjdhet med interaktion, samt dess betydelse för övergripande nöjdhet med hela samtalet, med hjälp av deskriptiv statistik, rANOVA och ordinal logistisk regression. I den fjärde delstudien (IV) analyserades 30 telefonsamtal (n = 37 447 ord) med hjälp av innehållsanalys med deduktiv ansats. Data kategoriserades med hjälp av ett kodningsschema baserat på de fyra interaktionskomponenterna i IMCHB. Det manifesta innehållet i samtalen beskrevs kvantitativt och kvalitativt. I tillägg analyserades innehållet i relation till Samtalsprocessen, ett arbetssätt som används vid 1177 direkt, och som består av följande faser; öppna, lyssna, analysera, motivera, och avsluta.

Green roofs have gained recognition and popularity globally for their potential to help mitigate the negative impacts of urbanization such as habitat loss and disruption of the water cycle caused by increased impervious surfaces. However, there is still a need to enhance our understanding of green roof vegetation dynamics and how they affect plant water use and hydrological function under varying environmental conditions. This doctoral thesis aims to address this knowledge gap by applying a wide range methods, including field surveys on full scale gren roofs, a laboratory scale water use experiment, and rainfall runoff monitoring from pilot scale green roofs. Den här avhandlingen har till syfte att utveckla ett riskbaserat ramverk som stödjer rationella beslut för att förlänga livslängden på stålbroar, vilket gör att broar kan behålla en önskad säkerhetsnivå med minimerade förväntade kostnader. Det erfordrar (i) en tillförlitlig uppskattning av livslängden med hänsyn till olika nivåer av osäkerheter, och (ii) utvärdering av underhållsåtgärder och konsekvenser för ett optimalt beslut. With those outcomes, the thesis contributes to the body of knowledge concerned with building capacity of human beings to facilitate strategic sustainable development work.A “smart city” is a new concept that depends primarily on digitization and big data analysis. The aim of a smart city is to tackle the challenges of ever-increasing urbanization by utilizing atypical approaches. The utilization of big data analysis in smart cities has been investigated thoroughly in the literature from various aspects, such as those related to recommended technologies and the domains of applications. A smart city is a compound system with multi-domain attributes in which the citizens represent key participants in decision-making. However, harnessing big data analysis to support decision-making in the smart city context is rarely approached in academia. The infrequency of this type of research was sufficient to motivate this interesting research. Two research questions drive this thesis: RQ1: What are the challenges of utilizing big data analytics (BDA) to enable decision-making in smart cities? RQ2: What are the design principles of the BDA framework in the context of smart cities?

Delstudie I var en kvalitativ studie där 59 personer med RA deltog i semistrukturerade intervjuer ca tre år efter insjuknande. Frågor under intervjun berörde upplevelser av vardagen och delaktighet. Materialet analyserades genom innehållsanalys.Can duration-dependent eligibility criteria – increasing the strictness for eligibility over time – in Short-Term Disability Insurance (STDI) reduce STDI duration while improving long-run labor market outcomes? To answer this question, I leverage a reform in Sweden that introduced duration-dependent eligibility criteria for STDI. The results show that individuals who are screened out by the stricter eligibility criteria have lower labor force participation during the following four years after the STDI spell. Conversely, the probability of being dependent on unemployment insurance or being non-employed increases. Calculating the net effect on the government’s budget for the STDI recipients who are screened out suggests large savings in the short run, but net losses after four years. The findings suggest that policymakers need to carefully consider the potential trade-offs between the direct short-run fiscal savings from policies aiming to shorten STDI duration and the potential long-run costs from unintended changes in labor supply and benefit substitution when designing eligibility criteria for STDI.

The sensing capability of the nanomodified Portland cement composites was studied and compared with other conductive materials, revealing the percolation threshold and tunneling phenomena as possible explanations for the sensing mechanism with and without mechanical deformation.The HMA azacitidine combined with venetoclax is the current frontline option to AML patients unfit for IC. Few studies have addressed how this synergism arises. In Paper IV, we characterised the epigenetic and transcriptomic effects of azacitidine-venetoclax in vitro and elucidated potential survival/resistance mechanisms in AML blasts including the serine synthesis pathway and NTRK signaling. Furthermore, we utilised obtained RNA-seq data and in silico predictions to propose add-ons to azacitidine-venetoclax to further strengthen the synergy.

Bakgrund: Omvårdnad via telefon är en värdefull och uppskattad resurs i många delar av världen. Interaktionen mellan telefonsjuksköterska och uppringare har stor betydelse för uppringares nöjdhet med samtalen. Ökad nöjdhet leder i sin tur till högre grad av följsamhet till råd, ökat engagemang i egenvård och förbättrat välbefinnande. Trots att vård via telefon har funnits länge, befinner sig forskningen om interaktion via telefon fortfarande i ett utvecklingsskede.The research findings revealed the need to introduce an inventive framework for exploiting big data analysis in smart city applications. The main contribution of this research is the proposal of a novel framework for utilizing big data analytics in smart cities. The proposed framework, the Smart Cities Data Analytics Panel (SCDAP), is a domain-independent big data analysis framework. It compiles the relevant design principles mentioned in the literature, particularly those that are distinctive to smart cities. The design principles of SCDAP are founded on the literature review, use case, and case study methodologies and are the main contribution of this research.

Avhandlingen utgör en sammanläggningsavhandling som omfattar fyra artiklar. Artikel I analyserar organisering av partiskolning som verktyg för nationella partiorganisationer. Artikel II lyfter fram fostransprocesser som de nationella partiorganisationerna söker främja genom organisering av partiskolning riktat till partimedlemmar och lokalföreningar. Artikel III lyfter blicken gentemot det politiska systemet och visar hur partiskolning både kan påverka och påverkas av hur olika partifunktioner utövas. Artikel IV tar sikte på den utbildningsverksamhet som genomförs i svenska kommuner och lyfter fram tre tankelinjer som uttryck för hur de kommunala anordnarna resonerar kring och motiverar den utbildning som de erbjuder till lokala folkvalda.The intestinal barrier is an essential component in maintaining human health, and several diseases and disorders have been associated with a disrupted intestinal barrier function. To evaluate the efficacy of different interventions intended to strengthen intestinal barrier function, there is a need for both appropriate challenge models as well as easily accessible biomarkers. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore new challenge models of human gut barrier as well as to investigate potential biomarkers to assess its function. Paper I shows that a sauna-induced dehydration protocol increased intestinal permeability without causing major damage to the intestinal barrier, suggesting it as a potential challenge model of the gut barrier. Paper II shows that the acute intense psychological stress generated by skydiving did not affect intestinal permeability, indicating that gut barrier disruption likely requires sustained psychological stress. Paper III describes the systemic effect of an established strenuous exercise challenge on various biomarkers of gut barrier and immune function, as well as their correlations. Paper IV used a cohort of patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) to show how several biomarkers linked to increased permeability correlated with other markers associated with IBS-D. All papers also explored potential surrogate permeability markers for the urinary excretion ratio of lactulose and rhamnose which is a common in vivo method for measuring small intestinal permeability. In conclusion, this thesis provides insights into different challenge models of the human intestinal barrier function and addresses important considerations about the application of currently used biomarkers for its assessment.

As an educator and facilitator of sustainability work for over a decade, working at the crossroads of education for sustainability leadership; organisational and community change, lecturing on leadership for sustainability in Australia and currently being Co-Director of the Master’s in Strategic Leadership towards Sustainability (MSLS) program in Sweden, I have rested this thesis firmly within an action-oriented transformation research paradigm in which the only way to understand a system is through a comprehensive attempt to change it. Seven cases of sustainability leadership education are presented. Methods include surveys with open questions; workshops; interviews; document analysis; and, ethnographic field work.

The critical parameter that controls the growth is shown to be the average momentum transfer per deposited metal adatom. Wion irradiation is shown to have a determining role in the densification of TiAlWN films grown by hybrid W-HiPIMS/TiAl-DCMS co-sputtering. Films with the same composition were grown as a function of the number of W ions per deposited metal atom, η = W/ (W + Al + Ti). The latter was varied in a wide range by altering the peak target current density on the W target, as confirmed by time-resolved ion mass spectrometry analyses performed at the substrate plane. I demonstrate that the degree of porosity and the nanoindentation hardness are strong functions of η.

I rapporterna D och E presenteras en flerskalig homogeniseringsmetod som kopplar mekanik och elektrokemi på partikel-, elektrod- och batteriskala. De aktiva materialen i litiumjonbatteriets elektroder uppvisar volymförändringar vid laddning och urladdning. En gradient i koncentrationen av litium utvecklas såväl inuti partiklar som inom elektrodskiktet under laddning eller urladdning. Dessa gradienter leder till mekaniska spänningar som i sin tur påverkar diffusionen av litium. För modellering av diffusion och därtill hörande litiumkoncentrationer applicerades är väl etablerad modell från litteraturen. Batteripaket för elfordon består av ett stort antal batterimoduler, som var och en innehåller flera battericeller vilka i sin tur består av många elektrod-, separator- och metallskikt. En finit elementmodell som kan fånga spänningar på skiktnivåer skulle behöva vara mycket stor för att ta hänsyn till alla variationer på små skalor. I rapporterna D och E utvecklas i stället en modell för homogenisering av det skiktade batteriet med hjälp av tredimensionell laminatteori. På detta sätt kan antalet frihetsgrader och därigenom beräkningskostnad för en finit elementmodell kraftigt reduceras. Baserat på en homogeniserad lösning kan spänningar på skiktnivå bestämmas i efterhand. Metoden förutsäger spänningar på olika skalor och fångar effekterna av laddningshastighet, extern mekanisk belastning och de ingående skiktens mekaniska egenskaper. Metodens effektivitet demonstreras genom att jämföra den med detaljerade finita elementberäkningar. Simuleringarna indikerar att skiktspänningar, såsom tryck, kan förutsägas som funktioner av position och tid, vilket ger insikter om åldrande i olika deler av ett batteri.

Bakgrund: Rutiner för tidig diagnos och tidigt insättande av sjukdomsmodifierade läkemedel vid reumatoid artrit (RA) har utvecklats under de senaste decennierna. Effekten av dessa rutiner är mindre sjukdomsaktivitet, mindre funktionshinder och mer delaktighet i vardagen för personer med RA som idag ofta kan fortsätta sitt yrkesarbete. Trots detta uttrycker ändå personer med RA hinder i vardagen som kan vara negativt påverkad av symtom som smärta, stelhet och trötthet (fatigue). Då denna typ av symtom även kan vara osynliga för andra kan det vara svårt för närstående till personer med RA att till fullo förstå sjukdomens påverkan. Det innebär att både personen med RA och närstående kan påverkas av sjukdomen, trots dagens effektiva behandling.Vid snöröjning i städer finns gator av olika bredd som behöver olika mycket arbete för att få bort snön. Dessutom måste vissa uppgifter utföras innan andra uppgifter kan påbörjas, såsom att röja en gata innan anslutande korsningar röjs. Dessutom behöver varje fordon ofta en viss tid för att byta från en uppgift till en annan uppgift, speciellt om de inte är närliggande. Problemet kan formuleras som en stor tidsindexerad blandad heltalsprogrammeringsmodell, som oftast inte är direkt lösbar med standardmetoder.Sammantaget bidrar avhandlingen med kunskap om vad som sker i mötet mellan utbildning och partidemokratin. Påverkan och fostran lyfts fram som två centrala skäl bakom de didaktiska val som fattas av de nationella partiorganisationerna vid organisering av partiskolning. Hur de nationella partiorganisationerna motiverar och resonerar kring den utbildningsverksamhet som de organiserar diskuteras i samband med samlingsbegreppen personer, process och platsen. Avhandlingen visar också hur partiskolning innehar en strategisk potential för partierna. Organisering av utbildningsverksamhet i politiska partier och kommuner kan även påverka konstruktionen av deltagarnas demokratiska kompetens, vilket kan spela roll för hur partimedlemmarnas aktiva medborgarskap kommer till uttryck.

Konklusion: TISQ, vilken inkluderar TISS, uppvisar god validitet och reliabilitet i den studerade kontexten, och kan användas för att studera interaktion mellan uppringare och telefonsjuksköterska, och uppringares nöjdhet. Uppringares nöjdhet med interaktion kan mätas med hjälp av de fyra delskalorna i TISS. I de fall multikollinearitet är ett problem kan en total-score användas. Nöjdhet med samtliga fyra interaktionskomponenter är viktigt för uppringares övergripande nöjdhet med samtal. Därför bör alla fyra beaktas vid utveckling av omvårdnadsinteraktion på telefon. Interaktion som berör hälsoinformation kan vara utmanande för både telefonsjuksköterska och uppringare, och affektiv support kan förmedlas utan att verbalisera känslor. Bland de fyra interaktionskomponenterna uppvisade inflytande över beslut störst potential till utveckling. Detta kan uppnås genom att telefonsjuksköterskor i större utsträckning uppmärksammar uppringares reaktioner på givet råd.Utmattning är en av de vanligaste orsakerna för begränsningar av livslängden för stålbroar. Ett stort antal befintliga broar i Sverige och i andra länder närmar sig sin förväntade livslängd. På grund av att ekonomin och andra resurser är begränsade är det inte möjligt att ersätta eller underhålla alla broar på en gång. Ansträngningar bör läggas på att förlänga livslängden så långt det är möjligt och att fatta optimala beslut om när och vilka insatser som ska genomföras.Artikel V studerar olika typer av relaxation av den blandade heltalsprogrammeringsmodellen för hela problemet, och artikel VI studerar Lagrangerelaxation med subgradientoptimering. Det finns många olika möjligheter att relaxera problemet, och de undersöks med avseende på˚ lösningstid och målfunktionsvärde.

Snöröjning i en stad är ett oundvikligt problem i nordiska länder som Sverige. Ett antal gator i ett område behöver röjas från snö av ett begränsat antal fordon och turerna för fordonen måste planeras för att minimera tiden och/eller kostnaden. Eftersom snömängden kan variera avsevärt från ett år till ett annat kan ett visst års planer inte alltid användas nästa år. Därför måste nya turer kunna planeras vid behov. I denna avhandling studerar vi snöröjning i tätorter efter ett snöfall, vilket är annorlunda än snöröjning på landsbygden eller under pågående snöfall.Vi studerar först den toppmoderna naiva Bayes-algoritmen (NB), och dess prestanda och tillämplighet på NSD med vårt eget dataset. Vi studerar NB i flera situationer där både population och vitala tecken förändras. Vi extraherar 24 variabler från datan med väldigt olika statistiska fördelning, och trots att NB gör starka antaganden om datans statistiska fördelning uppnås goda resultat: upp till 0,82 medianarea under mottagande operationskurva (mAUROC) för neonatal sepsisdetektion. Vidare visar vi att normaliserande flöden (NF), vilket är artificiella neurala nätverksbaserade statistiska fördelningar, kan modellera datans statistiska fördelning mer tillförlitligt, och uppnår en mAUROC om 0,87. Dessa tillvägagångssätt gör det förenklande antagandet att på varandra följande variabler är okorrelerade. Därför undersöker vi prestandan hos återkommande neurala nätverk (RNN), vilka tar hänsyn till tidskorrelationen hos de extraherade variablerna. Vi visar att dessa modeller är användbara för NSD hos nyfödda med mycket låg födelsevikt, där vi visar att de ökar specificiteten från 0,77 med logistisk regression till 0,97 för ett lång-korttidsminnesbaserat RNN. Vi visar också att dessa modeller lider av degraderad hågkomst, vilket leder till liknande mAUROC som NB, utvärderat på data från NSD hos nyfödda med mycket låg födelsevikt.

I artikel III utnyttjas det faktum att moderna stadsnätverk ofta innehåller delar, ofta bostadsområden, som är träd, det vill säga inte tillåter rundturer. I sådana områden kan optimeringen göras på ett enklare sätt, vilket förenklar optimering av hela problemet, och möjliggör optimering av större områden.